Powders for nasal delivery have been recognized as advantageous dosage forms over
liquids due to increased stability and residence time on nasal mucosa, with improved …

Background Cranial nerve-related diseases such as brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease, and
epilepsy are serious diseases that continue to threaten human. Brain-related diseases are …

Background Intranasal (IN) medication delivery is a viable alternative to other routes of
administration, including intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration. The IN route …

The intranasal route for medication administration is increasingly popular in the emergency
department and out-of-hospital setting because such administration is simple and fast, and …

Pain is the root cause for the overwhelming majority of emergency department (ED) visits
worldwide. However, pain is often undertreated due to inappropriate analgesic dosing and …

Introduction Intranasal fentanyl offers a means for safe and effective pain management in
austere environments. Prehospital analgesia traditionally involves intravenous or …

Background To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of different dosages of intranasal
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) in combination with oral midazolam for sedation of young children …

Intranasal drug administration is a less invasive method of drug delivery that is easily
accessible for adult and pediatric patients. Medications administered by the intranasal route …

Global COVID-19 pandemic is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Continuous emergence of new variants and their rapid spread …

Background Children undergoing diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures often
require sedation to achieve immobility and analgesia if the procedure is painful. In the past …