RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors that detect viral or
bacterial infection and induce host innate immune responses. The RLRs family comprises …

RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA5 (Melanoma Differentiation-Associated
protein 5), collectively known as the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), are key protein sensors of …

African swine fever is a lethal hemorrhagic disease of pigs caused by African swine fever
virus (ASFV), which greatly threatens the pig industry in many countries. Deletion of …

SUMMARY Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is very successful in establishing acute and
latent infections in humans by counteracting host antiviral innate immune responses. HSV-1 …

Innate sensing of microbial components is well documented to occur at many cellular sites,
including at the cell surface, in the cytosol, and in intracellular vesicles, but there is limited …

Innate immune cells are critical in protective immunity against viral infections, involved in
sensing foreign viral nucleic acids. Here we report that the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 9 …

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 stimulates type I IFN expression through the cGAS–STING–
TBK 1 signaling axis. Macrophages have recently been proposed to be an essential source …

Many double-stranded DNA viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus, can establish persistent
infection, but the underlying virus–host interactions remain poorly understood. Here we …

Cytosolic DNA arising from intracellular pathogens is sensed by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
(cGAS) and triggers a powerful innate immune response. However, herpes simplex virus 1 …

During viral infection, virus-derived cytosolic nucleic acids are recognized by host
intracellular specific sensors. The efficacy of this recognition system is crucial for triggering …