The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is a well-known
agricultural pest in its native range, North and South America, and has become a major …

Stomata play a central role in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Existing
knowledge regarding the roles of stomata in plant stress is centered on abiotic stresses and …

Plant defense responses against insect herbivores are induced through wound-induced
signaling and the specific perception of herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) …

The vast spectrum of inducible plant defenses can have direct negative effects on
herbivores, or indirect effects, for instance in the form of herbivore-induced plant volatiles …

Diverse molecular processes regulate the interactions between insect herbivores and their
host plants. When plants are exposed to insects, elicitors induce plant defenses, and …

Plants undergo dynamic metabolic changes at the cellular level upon insect infestation to
better defend themselves. Phenylpropanoids, a hub of secondary plant metabolites …

Bacterial gut symbionts of insect herbivores can impact their host through different
mechanisms. However, in most lepidopteran systems we lack experimental examples to …

The relationship between plants and insects is continuously evolving, and many insects rely
on biochemical strategies to mitigate the effects of toxic chemicals in their food plants …

Abstract The Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is a significant global pest causing
serious yield loss on several staple crops. In this regard, this pest defies several …

Silicon (Si) is a beneficial mineral that enhances plant protection against abiotic and biotic
stresses, including insect herbivores. Si increases mechanical and biochemical defenses in …