Mollicutes are a diverse class of bacteria with a variety of unique characteristics that have
allowed them to adapt to a range of hosts and often evade routine cultivation techniques …

Citrus stubborn was initially observed in California in 1915 and was later proven as a graft-
transmissible disease in 1942. In the field, diseased citrus trees have compressed and …

Vector‐borne bacterial pathogens cause devastating plant diseases that cost billions of
dollars in crop losses worldwide. These pathogens have evolved to be host‐and vector …

The beet leafhopper Circulifer tenellus is an important pest of agricultural crops in the United
States, where it transmits beet curly top virus, beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent …

Symbiotic gut bacteria play crucial role in host health. Symbionts are widely distributed in
arthropod intestines, but their ecological functions are poorly understood due to the inability …

In recent years, the industry in charge of the cultivation of Macrobrachium nipponense (M.
nipponense) has suffered significant economic losses due to an infectious pathogen called …

Abstract Macrobrachium rosenbergii (M. rosenbergii), is a major aquaculture species in
China and Southeast Asia. However, infection with Spiroplasma eriocheiris (S. eriocheiris) …

The infectious inoculum of a sand fly, apart from its metacyclic promastigotes, is composed
of factors derived from both the parasite and the vector. Vector-derived factors, including …

Vertically transmitted (VT) microbial symbionts play a vital role in the evolution of their insect
hosts. A longstanding question in symbiont research is what genes help promote long-term …

Spiroplasma, belonging to the class Mollicutes, is a small, helical, motile bacterium lacking a
cell wall. Its host range includes insects, plants, and aquatic crustaceans. Recently, a few …