Hydrogels with tailor‐made swelling‐shrinkable properties have aroused considerable
interest in numerous biomedical domains. For example, as swelling is a key issue for blood …

Repairing articular osteochondral defects present considerable challenges in self‐repair
due to the complex tissue structure and low proliferation of chondrocytes. Conventional …

Hydrogels, as interconnected networks (polymer mesh; physically, chemically, or dynamic
crosslinked networks) incorporating a high amount of water, present structural …

Organs-on-chips are microengineered microfluidic living cell culture devices with
continuously perfused chambers penetrating to cells. By mimicking the biological features of …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease known for cartilage degeneration, leading to a
substantial burden on individuals and society due to its high disability rate. However, current …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel constructs can mimic features of the extracellular
matrix (ECM) and have tailorable physicochemical properties to support and maintain the …

The rapid development of tissue engineering makes it an effective strategy for repairing
cartilage defects. The significant advantages of injectable hydrogels for cartilage injury …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential candidates in cell-based therapy for cartilage
repair and regeneration. However, during chondrogenic differentiation, MSCs undergo …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural cells typically exhibits dynamic mechanical
properties (viscoelasticity and dynamic stiffness). The viscoelasticity and dynamic stiffness of …

Injectable hydrogels are gaining prominence as a biocompatible, minimally invasive, and
adaptable platform for cartilage tissue engineering. Commencing with their synthesis, this …