We propose a new flowchart for the treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC) in the Tokyo
Guidelines 2018 (TG18). Grade III AC was not indicated for straightforward laparoscopic …

Background Bile duct injury (BDI) is the most common serious complication of laparoscopic
cholecystectomy. To address this problem, a multi-society consensus conference was held …

In some cases, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) may be difficult to perform in patients with
acute cholecystitis (AC) with severe inflammation and fibrosis. The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 …

Bile duct injury (BDI) is a dangerous complication of cholecystectomy, with significant
postoperative sequelae for the patient in terms of morbidity, mortality, and long-term quality …

Introduction Variation in outcomes from surgery is a major challenge and defining surgical
findings may help set benchmarks, which currently do not exist in laparoscopic …

Background Although it has been 25 years since the introduction of laparoscopy to
cholecystectomy, outcomes remain largely unchanged, with rates of bile duct injury higher in …

Background Previous studies comparing early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) with
delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) for acute cholecystitis were incomplete. A …

Bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains a serious iatrogenic
surgical complication. BDI most often occurs as a result of misidentification of the anatomy; …

Background Since the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) there has been
continued debate regarding the management of acute cholecystitis with either early or …

Background: Iatrogenic bile duct injuries (IBDI) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC),
being one of the most common performed surgical procedures, remain a substantial …