The gut microbiome exerts a considerable influence on human neurophysiology and mental
health. Interactions between intestinal microbiology and host regulatory systems have now …

In patients with neurodegenerative diseases, there is a spectrum of smell dysfunction
ranging from severe loss, as seen in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, to …

Gut microbiota has an important role in the immune system, metabolism, and digestion, and
has a significant effect on the nervous system. Recent studies have revealed that abnormal …

Our decisions are guided by the rewards we expect. These expectations are often based on
incomplete knowledge and are thus subject to uncertainty. While the neurophysiology of …

Dopamine beta‐hydroxylase (DβH) is an essential neurotransmitter‐synthesizing enzyme
that catalyzes the formation of norepinephrine (NE) from dopamine and has been …

Declarative memories of personal experiences are a key factor in defining oneself as an
individual, which becomes particularly evident when this capability is impaired. Assessing …

This paper presents an overview of the physiological properties of copper (Cu), an essential
trace element playing an important role in the human metabolism, primarily as a cofactor of …

Cognition can reveal itself in the pupil, as latent cognitive processes map onto specific pupil
responses. For instance, the pupil dilates when we make decisions and these pupil size …

A number of neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by disordered smell function.
The degree of dysfunction can vary among different diseases, such that olfactory testing can …

We investigated the relationship between, and functional significance of, P 300, novelty P 3,
and the pupil dilation response (PDR). Subjects categorized stimuli including (a) words of a …