Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. These cells of
mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions of the central nervous system …

Microglia are the intrinsic immune cells of the brain and express chemokine and cytokine
receptors that interact with the peripheral immune cells. Recent studies have indicated that …

Kinins are a family of peptides implicated in several pathophysiological events. Most of their
effects are likely mediated by the activation of two G‐protein‐coupled receptors: B1 and B2 …

Microglial cells in culture and in situ express a defined pattern of K+ channels, which is
distinct from that of other glial cells and neurons. This pattern undergoes defined changes …

Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) is a debilitating manifestation of SLE which occurs in a
majority of SLE patients and has a variety of clinical manifestations. In the central nervous …

Background Lyme neuroborreliosis, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi affects
both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS, PNS). The CNS manifestations …

Pharmacological studies using bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists suggest that bradykinin,
an early mediator of inflammation and the main metabolite of the kallikrein-kinin system, is …

Introduction: Kinins are peptide mediators exerting their pro-inflammatory actions by the
selective stimulation of two distinct G-protein coupled receptors, termed BKB1R and BKB2R …

Microglia have been implicated as a key mediator of chronic inflammation following
traumatic brain injury (TBI). The animal models of TBI vary significantly based on the type of …

Bradykinin (BK) has been reported to be a mediator of brain damage in acute insults.
Receptors for BK have been identified on microglia, the pathologic sensors of the brain …