The assessment of students' performances in Higher Education is one of the essential
components of teaching activities. Open-ended tasks allow a more in-depth assessment of …

In natural language processing, short-text semantic similarity (STSS) is a very prominent
field. It has a significant impact on a broad range of applications, such as question …

Dialogue-based tutoring platforms have shown great promise in helping individual students
improve mastery. Short answer grading is a crucial component of such platforms. However …

Recent advancements in the field of deep learning for natural language processing made it
possible to use novel deep learning architectures, such as the Transformer, for increasingly …

Background Formative assessments are needed to enable monitoring how student
knowledge develops throughout a unit. Constructed response items which require learners …

Automatic short answer scoring (ASAS) is a research subject of intelligent education, which
is a hot field of natural language understanding. Many experiments have confirmed that the …

Automatic short-answer grading (ASAG) is a key component of intelligent tutoring systems.
Deep learning is an advanced method to deal with recognizing textual entailment tasks in an …

Abstract Machine learning methods can be used to reduce the manual workload in exam
grading, making it possible for teachers to spend more time on other tasks. However, when it …

Over the last decade, there has been a considerable amount of research in automatic short
answer grading (ASAG). The majority of previous experiments were based on a feature …

With the rising success of adversarial attacks on many NLP tasks, systems which actually
operate in an adversarial scenario need to be reevaluated. For this purpose, we pose the …