The last ten years have seen an increased use of the eye-tracking methodology in the
investigation of vocabulary processing in both L1 and L2. In particular, some of the …

It is well recognized in cognitive science that people differ in their language abilities, where
even those who appear to behave similarly can reach the same outcome via different …

Past work has suggested that L1 readers retrieve idioms (ie, spill the tea) directly vs.
matched literal controls (drink the tea) following unbiased contexts, whereas L2 readers …

Abstract Language users routinely use canonical, familiar idioms in everyday
communication without difficulty. However, creativity in idiom use is more widespread than …

An open question in language comprehension studies is whether non-compositional
multiword expressions like idioms and compositional-but-frequent word sequences are …

Idioms (eg, break the ice, spill the beans) are ubiquitous multiword units that are often
semantically non-compositional. Psycholinguistic data suggests that L1 readers process …

The knowledge of English idioms is essential for advanced English learning and application,
particularly for English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners. While studies have shown the …

Encountering idioms (hit the sack=“go to bed”) in a second language (L2) often results in a
literal-first understanding (“literally hit a sack”). The figurative meaning is retrieved later …

Collocations are one of the most studied types of word combinations. Their intricate nature,
based on varying degrees of restriction, begs the question as to how modifications in their …

Recent work argues that a bilingual linguistic system is fully integrated in one competence
system and does not consist of two separate, autonomous systems as is commonly assumed …