The transcription factor NF-κB is a key regulator of hundreds of genes involved in cell
survival and inflammation. There is ample evidence that NF-κB is activated in cerebral …

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, mediated through matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
and other mechanisms, is a critical event during ischemic stroke. Tissue plasminogen …

Astrocytes are key players in the pathology of multiple sclerosis and can assume beneficial
and detrimental roles during lesion development. The triggers and timing of the different …

Background Oxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis are three critical factors for the
pathogenic mechanism of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Curcumin exhibits …

Thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is used for the treatment of
patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that …

A fine-tuned activation and deactivation of proteases and their inhibitors are involved in the
execution of the inflammatory response. The zymogen/proenzyme plasminogen is converted …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Atherosclerosis is
the basis of major CVDs–myocardial ischemia, heart failure, and stroke. Among numerous …

Stroke is a prevalent cerebrovascular condition with a global impact, causing significant
rates of illness and death. Despite extensive research, the available treatment options for …

This review focuses on the mechanisms and emerging concepts of stroke and therapeutic
strategies for attenuating hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after tissue plasminogen activator …

Neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic brain damage is a leading cause of child mortality and
morbidity, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and cognitive disabilities. The majority of …