Study Design. This study combined all prior research involving human volunteers in low-
speed rear-end impacts and performed a comparative analysis of real-world crashes using …

The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of dynamic head/neck/torso and
cervical vertebral motion for females and males in a rear impact by reanalyzing two series of …

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the whole spine alignment in automotive
seated postures for both genders and the effects of the spinal alignment patterns on cervical …

The objective of the present study is to improve the understanding of whiplash injury
mechanisms based on the extensive numerical simulation of real-world rear impact …

The purpose of this study is to clarify the dynamic characteristics of inertia-induced cervical
vertebral kinematics for both female and male volunteers in low-speed rear impact …

Minor neck injuries (whiplash associated disorder) during rear-end impacts have become
the most frequent cause of permanent disabilities compared with rear-end impact injuries in …

ABSTRACT A human FE model for rear-end accident analyses was developed in order to
reconstruct not only the whole body motion but also vertebra motions during impact. The …

Due to the increased number of fatalities and injuries in motor vehicle accidents, it is crucial
to study the kinematic and kinetic occupant response during collisions, specifically the head …

Numerous studies have evaluated occupant kinematics and dynamics in “low-speed” rear-
end impacts (delta-V≤ 8 mph). Occupant biomechanics during “moderate-to-high” speed …

Rear impact dynamic test methodologies for reducing minor neck injuries have recently
been examined internationally by EEVC, GTR, NCAP (Europe, Japan), and others. In these …