The interest in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has significantly grown in the
pharmaceutical industry, exceeding 100 FDA mAbs approved. Although the upstream …

Bispecific antibodies, a class of therapeutic antibodies, can simultaneously bind to two
distinct targets. Compared with monospecific antibodies, bispecific antibodies offer …

Considering the continuous advances in the synthesis and clinical applications of
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), precision therapies that employ mAbs are essential. In …

Ligand is an essential part of the cost of adsorbent preparation, which needs to be carefully
selected and evaluated. In this paper, we introduced ligand efficiency (L e) with three levels …

Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody, produced in CHO cells, used for the treatment of
many human cancers. It is an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (antsi-VEGF) that …

Abstract After the Industrial Revolution, humanity began to exploit nonrenewable resources,
such as oil and gas, with dangerous consequences for the environment. In the last 50 years …

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates tumor angiogenesis by targeting
its receptor (VEGFR)[1]. The IgG monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, produced in CHO cells …

The interest in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has significantly grown in the
pharmaceutical industry, exceeding 100 FDA mAbs approved. Although the upstream …

Until the 18th century (Fig. 1), humanity used practically only renewable resources to meet
our daily needs such as food, clothing, and housing. However, in the 19th and 20th …