The atmosphere of the Archean eon—one-third of Earth's history—is important for
understanding the evolution of our planet and Earth-like exoplanets. New geological proxies …

How and where did life on Earth originate? To date, various environments have been
proposed as plausible sites for the origin of life. However, discussions have focused on a …

Transition metal nitrides (TMN) have recently grabbed immensely appealing as ideal active
materials in energy storage and catalysis fields on account of their remarkable electrical …

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all life on Earth and it acts as a major control on
biological productivity in the modern ocean. Accurate reconstructions of the evolution of life …

N2 fixation is one of the most important chemical reactions in the ecosystem of our planet.
However, the industrial Haber–Bosch ammonia synthesis process is restricted by harsh …

Aquatic Photosynthesis is a comprehensive guide to understanding the evolution and
ecology of photosynthesis in aquatic environments. This second edition, thoroughly revised …

This paper explores the bioenergetics and potential co-evolution of denitrification and
aerobic respiration. The advantages and disadvantages of combining these two pathways in …

In recent years, our understanding of biological nitrogen fixation has been bolstered by a
diverse array of scientific techniques. Still, the origin and extant distribution of nitrogen …

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all organisms that must have been available since the
origin of life. Abiotic processes including hydrothermal reduction, photochemical reactions …

We review the origin and evolution of the atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars from the
time when their accreting bodies were released from the protoplanetary disk a few million …