The gut-brain axis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. Many intrinsic and
extrinsic factors influence signaling along this axis, modulating the function of both the …

Research into the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) has entered a golden age, raising the
hope that therapeutics acting on it may offer breakthroughs in the treatment of many …

Correct development and maturation of the enteric nervous system (ENS) is critical for
survival. At birth, the ENS is immature and requires considerable refinement to exert its …

Background & Aims The enteric nervous system (ENS) coordinates essential intestinal
functions through the concerted action of diverse enteric neurons (ENs). However …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are recognized as central neurodevelopmental disorders
diagnosed by impairments in social interactions, communication and repetitive behaviours …

Enteric glia are a fascinating population of cells. Initially identified in the gut wall as the
“support” cells of the enteric nervous system, studies over the past 20 years have unveiled a …

Second only to early life, adolescence is a period of dramatic change and growth. For the
developing young adult, this occurs against a backdrop of distinct environmental challenges …

Infants and young children receive the highest exposures to antibiotics globally. Although
there is building evidence that early life exposure to antibiotics increases susceptibility to …

Interactions between the enteric nervous system (ENS), immune system, and gut microbiota
regulate intestinal homeostasis in adults, but their development and role (s) in early life are …

During embryonic development, the gut is innervated by intrinsic (enteric) and extrinsic
nerves. Focusing on mammalian ENS development, in this Review we highlight how …