Apelin is an endogenous peptide identified as a ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor
APJ. Apelin belongs to the family of adipokines, which are bioactive mediators released by …

Oxidative stress plays a pathological role in the development of various diseases including
diabetes, atherosclerosis, or cancer. Systemic oxidative stress results from an imbalance …

Background Previous studies had showed that Apelin 13 could protect against apoptosis
induced by ischemic/reperfusion (I/R). However, the mechanisms whereby Apelin 13 …

Apelin is a peptide known as the ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. Several
active apelin forms exist such as apelin-36, apelin-17, apelin-13, and the pyroglutamated …

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin
system (RAS), catalyzing the conversion of Angiotensin II to Angiotensin 1-7. Apelin is a …

Insulin resistance is a main feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several
mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance have been proposed. Adipose tissue …

Apelin and its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) have emerged as a key signalling
pathway in the cardiovascular system. The peptide is a potent inotropic agent and …

Apelin and apela (ELABELA/ELA/Toddler) are two peptide ligands for a class A G-protein-
coupled receptor named the apelin receptor (AR/APJ/APLNR). Ligand-AR interactions have …

Aims Activation of cardiac fibroblasts and their differentiation into myofibroblasts is a key
event in the progression of cardiac fibrosis that leads to end-stage heart failure. Apelin, an …

Background/Aims: Acute lung injury (ALI) is induced by a variety of external and internal
factors and leads to acute progressive respiratory failure. Previous studies have shown that …