In nature, bacteria alternate between two modes of growth: a unicellular life phase, in which
the cells are free-swimming (planktonic), and a multicellular life phase, in which the cells are …

“Second generation” bioethanol, with lignocellulose material as feedstock, is a promising
alternative for first generation bioethanol. This paper provides an overview of the current …

Synergistic microbial communities are ubiquitous in nature and exhibit appealing features,
such as sophisticated metabolic capabilities and robustness. This has inspired fast-growing …

Tremendous explosion of population has led to about 200% increment of total energy
consumptions in last twenty-five years. Apart from conventional fossil fuel as limited energy …

The decline in soil quality is becoming a significant process of soil degradation. Optimizing
organic fertilizer incorporation practices in cropland is essential to enhancing crop …

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used plastics in the world.
Accumulation of the discarded PET in the environment is creating a global environmental …

Metabolism is a highly interconnected web of chemical reactions that power life. Though the
stoichiometry of metabolism is well understood, the multidimensional aspects of metabolic …

Nutritional codependence (syntrophy) has underexplored potential to improve
biotechnological processes by using cooperating cell types. So far, design of yeast …

Synthetic biology is an emerging research field that focuses on using rational engineering
strategies to program biological systems, conferring on them new functions and behaviours …

Recently, lignocellulosic biomass as the most abundant renewable resource has been
widely considered for bioalcohols production. However, the complex structure of …