The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a
widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue …

The brain is composed of many lipids with varied forms that serve not only as structural
components but also as essential signaling molecules. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an …

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a critical phospholipid constituent in eukaryotic cell membranes,
which accounts for 1À4% of the total lipid. 1 This lipophilic glycerophospholipid has a …

The number of mouse mutants and strains with neural tube defects (NTDs) now exceeds
240, including 205 representing specific genes, 30 for unidentified genes, and 9 …

Autotaxin (ATX, also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2,
ENPP2) is a secreted lysophospholipase D that generates the lipid mediator …

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), the most prominent
lysoglycerophospholipids, are emerging as a novel class of inflammatory lipids, joining …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic form of diffuse lung
disease occurring mainly in older adults. Increased lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) …

Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted lysophospholipase D that catalyzes the production of
lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a pleiotropic growth‐factor–like lysophospholipid. Increased …

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA; monoacyl-glycerol-3-phosphate) is a lipid mediator that
functions as a mitogen and motility factor for many cell types. LPA signals through six …

Autotaxin (ATX) is an ecto-enzyme responsible for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production in
blood. ATX is present in various biological fluids such as cerebrospinal and seminal fluids …