Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental contaminant that causes severe bone
metabolism disease, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteomalacia. The present …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease characterized by cartilage
degradation, synovial inflammation, subchondral sclerosis and osteophyte formation. It has …

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a worldwide public health concern, mainly afflicting older
adults. Although the etiology of OA remains unclear, environmental factors are increasingly …

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins that are expressed by cells in reply to
stressors. The changes in concentration of HSPs could be utilized as a bio-indicator of …

Cadmium (Cd) represents a unique hazard because of the long biological half-life in
humans (20–30 years). This metal accumulates in organs causing a continuum of …

Heavy metals found in the environment, including arsenic (As) pose significant risks to
human health and present a risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). This study researched the …

Exposure to BPA is recently shown to affect cartilage development in teleost fishes; whether
BPS and BPAF, its two most frequently used phenolic analogues have similar effect …

Contamination by toxic heavy metals is a serious issue due to their toxicity, persistence, and
bioaccumulative nature. They are released into the environment and reach the human body …

PM 2.5 Road dust samples were collected from 10 representative cities in southern and
northern China for examination of chemical components and oxidative stress levels in A549 …

Objective Cumulative evidence from observational studies showed an inverse association
between smoking and osteoarthritis (OA), but this association could be confounded by …