The majority of injury combinations in multiply injured patients entail the chest, abdomen,
and extremities. Numerous pig models focus on the investigation of posttraumatic …

Trauma, often accompanied by hemorrhage, is a leading cause of death worldwide, often
leading to inflammation-related late complications that include sepsis and multiple organ …

Background: Sepsis-induced inflammation in the gut/peritoneal compartment occurs early in
sepsis and can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). We have suggested that inflammatory ascites …

Methods: In anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep, we measured cardiac output
(CO), renal blood flow (RBF), and systemic and renal O 2 consumption (VO 2). Cortical …

BACKGROUND Hypovolemic shock reduces oxygen delivery and compromises energy-
dependent cell volume control. Consequent cell swelling compromises microcirculatory flow …

Objective: To determine the role of cell swelling in severe hemorrhagic shock and
resuscitation injury. Background: Circulatory shock induces the loss of energy-dependent …

Physiological compensatory mechanisms can mask the extent of hemorrhage in conscious
mammals, which can be further complicated by individual tolerance and variations in …

BACKGROUNDS Intravenous transfusion sometimes encounters difficulty under prehospital
conditions when peripheral vessels are collapsed and inaccessible. We investigated …

Background: There are currently no effective and accurate blood loss volume (BLV)
estimation methods that can be implemented in operating rooms. To improve the accuracy …

OBJECTIVES: Clinical correlations suggest that systemic chemokine (CC motif) ligand
(CCL) 2 release may contribute to blood pressure regulation and the development of …