Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and disability, with a
considerable socioeconomic burden. Heterogeneity of pathoanatomical subtypes and …

Microglial research has entered a fertile, dynamic phase characterized by novel
technologies including two-photon imaging, whole-genome transcriptomic and epigenomic …

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability
worldwide. Microglial/macrophage activation and neuroinflammation are key cellular events …

Neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) is an important subject of
neuroimmunological research. Emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key …

Microglia respond to CNS injuries and diseases with complex reactions, often called
“activation.” A pro-inflammatory phenotype (also called classical or M1 activation) lies at one …

Microglia have a variety of functions in the brain, including synaptic pruning, CNS repair and
mediating the immune response against peripheral infection. Microglia rapidly become …

Innate immune responses, particularly activation of macrophages and microglia, are
increasingly implicated in CNS disorders. It is now appreciated that the heterogeneity of …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) refers to any insult to the brain resulting in primary (direct) and
secondary (indirect) damage to the brain parenchyma. Secondary damage is often linked to …

Microglia are the most abundant immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), where
they interact with neurons and exhibit a wide array of functions in physiological and …

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality, with limited treatment options. After
stroke injury, microglia and CNS‐resident macrophages are rapidly activated and regulate …