A prominent neurotransmitter (NT), dopamine (DA), is a chemical messenger that transmits
signals between one neuron to the next to pass on a signal to and from the central nervous …

Neurotransmission is the electrical impulse-triggered propagation of signals between
neurons or between neurons and other cell types such as skeletal muscle cells. Recent …

Prenatal alcohol exposure is the foremost preventable etiology of intellectual disability and
leads to a collection of diagnoses known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) …

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) encompasses the dysregulation of multiple brain circuits
involved in executive function leading to excessive consumption of alcohol, despite negative …

The international organizations of education have already pointed out that the way students
learn, what they learn, and the skills needed, will be radically transformed in the coming …

Although public health campaigns advise pregnant women to abstain from ethanol, drinking
during pregnancy is pervasive. Here, we highlight recent studies that have clearly …

Amino acids (AAs) and their metabolites play an important role in neurological health and
function. They are not only the building blocks of protein but are also neurotransmitters. In …

The present review revisits three hypothesized models that potentially could explain how
prenatal maternal stress influences fetal development, birth outcomes, and subsequent …

The last decades of biological, toxicological, and pharmacological research have deeply
changed the way researchers select the most appropriate 'pre-clinical model'. The absence …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder
characterized by impairments in two main areas: social/communication skills and repetitive …