Spatial and social behaviour are fundamental aspects of an animal's biology, and their
social and spatial environments are indelibly linked through mutual causes and shared …

Social organisation in animals takes many forms. It includes assemblages of territorial
animals, dominance hierarchies and social groups, among other things. The basic tenet that …

In this paper, a novel swarm optimization algorithm called the Selfish Herd Optimizer (SHO)
is proposed for solving global optimization problems. SHO is based on the simulation of the …

Predation is thought to shape the macroscopic properties of animal groups, making moving
groups more cohesive and coordinated. Precisely how predation has shaped individuals' …

The classic literature on predation dealt almost exclusively with solitary predators and their
prey. Going back to Lotka-Volterra and optimal foraging theory, the theory about predation …

We investigate key principles underlying individual, and collective, visual detection of
stimuli, and how this relates to the internal structure of groups. While the individual and …

The biometric, behavioral and biochemical toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) in
aquatic freshwater vertebrates and in environmentally relevant concentrations remains …

Detailed quantifications of how predators and their grouping prey interact in three
dimensions (3D) remain rare. Here we record the structure and dynamics of fish shoals …

The formations made by gregarious animals can range from loose aggregates to highly
synchronized and ordered structures. For very large, coordinated groups, both physical and …

Behavioral, hormonal, and genetic processes interact reciprocally, and differentially affect
behavior depending on ecological and social contexts. When individual differences are …