Abstract Nitrate (NO 3−) pollution in water and wastewater has become a serious global
issue. Biological denitrification, which reduces NO 3− to N 2 (nitrogen gas) by denitrifying …

With the advancement of water ecological protection and water control standard, it is the
general trend to upgrade the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The simultaneous …

Net-zero emission and self-sustaining carbon-neutral have been widely encouraged and
intensively explored in wastewater treatment, as the wastewater industry accounts for …

The dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) process was known as a short
circuit in nitrogen cycle, a key step in recovering nitrogen from nitrate wastewater, and has …

Autotrophic denitrification (AuDen) is an efficient, convenient and eco-friendly biological
process for the treatment of nitrate-contaminated organic-deficient waters. AuDen can be …

The sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SADN) process is an organic–free denitrification
process that utilizes reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs) as the electron donor for …

Black-odorous rivers and lakes are a serious environmental problem and are frequently
reported in China. Despite this, there have been no comprehensive in-depth reviews of …

Biochemical oxidation and reduction are the principle of biological water and wastewater
treatment, in which electron donor and/or acceptor shall be provided. Elemental sulfur (S 0) …

Iron sulphides, mainly in the form of mackinawite (FeS), pyrrhotite (Fe 1-x S, x= 0–0.125) and
pyrite (FeS 2), are the most abundant sulphide minerals and can be oxidized under anoxic …

Anoxic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an energy-efficient nitrogen removal process for
wastewater treatment. However, the unstable nitrite supply and residual nitrate in the …