This review is intended to provide a critical and up-to-date survey of the analytical
approximate methods that are encountered in scattering from random rough surfaces. The …

Rugged terrain, including mountains, hills, and some high lands are typical land surfaces
around the world. As a physical parameter for characterizing the anisotropic reflectance of …

We provide a new presentation of the masking-shadowing functions (or geometric
attenuation factors) in microfacet-based BRDFs and answer some common questions about …

Stochastic geometry models have enjoyed immense success in graphics for modeling
interactions of light with complex phenomena such as participating media, rough surfaces …

We present Linear Efficient Antialiased Displacement and Reflectance (LEADR) mapping, a
reflectance filtering technique for displacement mapped surfaces. Similarly to LEAN …

A statistical sea surface specular BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) model
is developed that includes mutual shadowing by waves, wave facet hiding, and projection …

The approaches developed by Wagner (1966) and Smith (1967) for computing the
shadowing properties from a one-dimensional randomly stationary surface are investigated …

Microfacet distributions are considered nowadays as a reference for physically plausible
BSDF representations. Many authors have focused on their physical and mathematical …

Sea surface slope variances are obtained by inverting narrowband (444, 501, 677, and 864
nm) Sun glint radiance measurements using a detailed analytical specular sea surface …

Radar imagery is nowadays used to observe ocean waves despite the fact that radar images
contain invisible areas because of the shadowing effect in the radar mechanism. Moreover …