Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and a leading cause of
disability. While there continues to be expansive research in posttraumatic stress disorder …

Mental health problems often involve clusters of symptoms that include subjective
(conscious) experiences as well as behavioral and/or physiological responses. Because the …

The specific neural systems underlying the subjective feeling of fear are debated in affective
neuroscience. Here, we combine functional MRI with machine learning to identify and …

Anxiety is experienced in response to threats that are distal or uncertain, involving changes
in one's subjective state, autonomic responses, and behavior. Defensive and physiologic …

The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in emotion and in motivation, but the
relationship between these functions performed by these brain structures is not clear. To …

The orbitofrontal cortex in primates including humans is the key brain area in emotion, and
in the representation of reward value and in non-reward, that is not obtaining an expected …

Research from recent decades has highlighted the distinction between excitatory and
inhibitory Pavlovian learning mechanisms. Based on this distinction, state-of-the-art …

All components of the CNS are surrounded by a diffuse extracellular matrix (ECM)
containing chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs), heparan sulphate proteoglycans …

The higher-order theory (HOT) of consciousness has often been misunderstood by critics.
Here, we clarify its position on several issues, and distinguish it from other views, such as …

The so-called 'replicability crisis' has sparked methodological discussions in many areas of
science in general, and in psychology in particular. This has led to recent endeavours to …