Although conventional antimicrobial drugs have been viewed as miraculous cure-alls for the
past 80 years, increasing antimicrobial drug resistance requires a major and rapid …

Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that are attached to a biological or abiotic
surface and are surrounded by a self-produced extracellular matrix. Cells within a biofilm …

Halitosis or oral malodor is an offensive odor originating from the oral cavity, leading to
anxiety and psychosocial embarrassment. A patient with halitosis is most likely to contact …

Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) uses photosensitizers (PSs) and harmless
visible light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and kill microbes. Multidrug efflux …

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy or aPDT is an alternative therapeutic approach in which
lasers and different photosensitizing agents are used to eradicate periodontopathic bacteria …

Background: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of aPDT
for the treatment of halitosis. Methods: Search strategies were conducted in October 2021 …

The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is considered a critical public health problem. The
need to establish alternative approaches to countering resistant microorganisms is …

Light with or without chemical agents has been used to induce therapeutic and antimicrobial
effects. With photodynamic therapy, the antimicrobial effect is confined to areas covered by a …

Background In intensive care units (ICUs), nosocomial infections are prevalent conditions
and they have been related to high mortality indexes. Some studies have suggested that …

This study investigated the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using EmunDo as a
photosensitizer against Lactobacillus acidophilus. A gallium aluminum arsenide diode laser …