Tuberculosis (TB) is an international public health priority and kills almost two million people
annually. TB is out of control in Africa due to increasing poverty and HIV coinfection, and …

The innate immune response in human tuberculosis is not completely understood. To
improve our knowledge regarding the role of cathelicidin hCAP-18/LL37 in the innate …

Inhalation exposure to indoor air pollutants and cigarette smoke increases the risk of
developing tuberculosis (TB). Whether exposure to ambient air pollution particulate matter …

Rationale: The risk of developing active tuberculosis in persons with latent Mycobacterium
tuberculosis infection is substantially increased shortly after HIV-1 seroconversion. Immune …

Abstract Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical components in the regulation of
pulmonary immune responses and the recognition of respiratory pathogens such as …

Mutations that arose in bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) daughter strains during decades of in
vitro cultivation have long been suspected of reducing the efficacy of the BCG vaccine …

The study of human pulmonary immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb)
provides a unique window into the biological interactions between the human host and M. tb …

Anti-TNF immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of some inflammatory diseases,
such as RA. However, a major concern is that patients receiving this therapy have an …

Tuberculosis (TB) and air pollution both contribute significantly to the global burden of
disease. Epidemiological studies show that exposure to household and urban air pollution …

Background. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) that causes tuberculosis (TB)
kills millions of infected people annually especially multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR …