Bacteria power their energy metabolism using membrane-bound respiratory enzymes that
capture chemical energy and transduce it by pumping protons or Na+ ions across their cell …

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria primarily grow by the oxidation of
ammonium coupled to nitrite reduction, using CO2 as the sole carbon source. Although they …

The cohort of the ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) of the phylum Thaumarchaeota is a
diverse, widespread and functionally important group of microorganisms in many …

Acidobacteriota are widespread and often abundant in marine sediments, yet their metabolic
and ecological properties are poorly understood. Here, we examined metabolisms and …

Further reducing the organic requirements is essential for the sustainable development of
partial denitrification/anammox technology. Here, an innovative mixotrophic partial …

Chlamydiae are a group of obligate intracellular bacteria comprising important human and
animal pathogens as well as symbionts of ubiquitous protists. They are characterized by a …

NADH oxidation in the respiratory chain is coupled to ion translocation across the
membrane to build up an electrochemical gradient. The sodium-translocating NADH …

Ion pumps perform active transport of ions by using energy. The active transport mechanism
can be illustrated by the Panama Canal model, which considers two gates and a gain in …

Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Nitrospira are key players of the biogeochemical
nitrogen cycle. However, little is known about their occurrence and survival strategies in …

Life relies on the constant exchange of different forms of energy, ie, on energy transduction.
Therefore, organisms have evolved in a way to be able to harvest the energy made …