Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a common heart disease and the leading cause of
cardiovascular death. Apoptosis and autophagy are two forms of programmed cell deaths …

Humanin (HN) is a small mitochondrial-derived cytoprotective polypeptide encoded by
mtDNA. HN exhibits protective effects in several cell types, including leukocytes, germ cells …

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein involved in the regulation of bone remodelling.
OPG regulates osteoclast activity by blocking the interaction between the receptor activator …

Background Oral anticoagulants (OAC) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) prevent
thromboembolic events, but are associated with significant risk of bleeding. Objectives To …

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Loss of cardiomyocytes that
occurs during many types of damage to the heart such as ischemic injury and stress caused …

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was originally discovered, almost 20 years
ago, for its ability to kill cancer cells. More recent evidence has described pleiotropic …

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a pro-apoptotic protein
showing broad biological functions. Data from animal studies indicate that TRAIL may …

Aims Elevated concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) in patients with
heart failure (HF) have been consistently associated with worse clinical outcomes, but what …

Background and aims The severity of the atherosclerotic burden is hardly quantifiable in
subjects at high cardiovascular (CV) risk under intensive pharmacological therapy. Several …

Aims There is a paucity of studies comprehensively comparing the prognostic value of larger
arrays of biomarkers indicative of different pathobiological axes in acute myocardial …