The red cell membrane skeleton is a pseudohexagonal meshwork of spectrin, actin, protein
4.1 R, ankyrin, and actin-associated proteins that laminates the inner membrane surface and …

Red blood cells (RBCs) release extracellular vesicles (EVs) including both endosome-
derived exosomes and plasma-membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs). RBC-derived EVs …

The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum replicates within erythrocytes, producing
progeny merozoites that are released from infected cells via a poorly understood process …

This review focuses on structure and functions of spectrin as a major component of the
membrane skeleton. Recent advances on spectrin function as an interface for signal …

Spectrin and ankyrin are membrane skeletal proteins that contribute to mechanical support
of plasma membranes and micron-scale organization of diverse membrane-spanning …

This review focuses on the recent advances in functions of spectrins in non-erythroid cells.
We discuss new data concerning the commonly known role of the spectrin-based skeleton in …

Ankyrins are membrane-associated proteins that together with their spectrin partners are
responsible for micron-scale organization of vertebrate plasma membranes, including those …

The cells in animals face unique demands beyond those encountered by their unicellular
eukaryotic ancestors. For example, the forces engendered by the movement of animals …

Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein thought to have descended from an α-actinin-like ancestor.
It emerged during evolution of animals to promote integration of cells into tissues by …

Megakaryocytes generate platelets by remodeling their cytoplasm first into proplatelets and
then into preplatelets, which undergo fission to generate platelets. Although the functions of …