Epilepsy is one of the most common and disabling chronic neurological disorders.
Antiseizure medications (ASMs), previously referred to as anticonvulsant or antiepileptic …

Antiseizure drugs (ASDs) prevent the occurrence of seizures; there is no evidence that they
have disease-modifying properties. In the more than 160 years that orally administered …

Epilepsy affects 65 million people worldwide and entails a major burden in seizure-related
disability, mortality, comorbidities, stigma, and costs. In the past decade, important advances …

Nearly a quarter of patients with seizures have drug-resistant epilepsy. This review
examines how this diagnosis should be established and how to recognize …

Despite the development of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs),~ 20%–30% of people with
epilepsy remain refractory to treatment and are said to have drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) …

The epilepsies are one of the most common serious brain disorders, can occur at all ages,
and have many possible presentations and causes. Although incidence in childhood has …

Thirty-five years since its introduction into clinical use, valproate (valproic acid) has become
the most widely prescribed antiepileptic drug (AED) worldwide. Its pharmacological effects …

Some patients with difficult‐to‐treat epilepsy benefit from combination therapy with two or
more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Additionally, virtually all epilepsy patients will receive, at …

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are widely used as long-term adjunctive therapy or as
monotherapy in epilepsy and other indications and consist of a group of drugs that are …

Treatment decisions in epilepsy need to be individualised on the basis of careful analysis of
the risk-benefit ratio of each available option. Key decision steps include the time at which …