Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent malignancy that develops in patients
with chronic liver diseases and dysregulated systemic and hepatic immunity. The tumor …

Most human papillomavirus infections are readily cleared by the host immune response.
However, in some individuals, human papillomavirus can establish a persistent infection …

Background To date, no specific vaccine or drug has been proven to be effective against
SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, we implemented an immunoinformatic approach to …

Early diagnosis and effective treatment of cancer are challenging. To diagnose and treat
cancer effectively and to overcome these challenges, fundamental innovations in traditional …

Background: Peptide-based pharmaceuticals have recently experienced a renaissance due
to their ability to fill the gap between the two main classes of available drugs, small …

Objective & Background: Various adjuvants are usually co-injected with an antigen for
stimulation of effective immune responses. Adjuvants are able to elicit innate immune …

Novel vaccine modalities have been designed to improve the efficiency of vaccines against
HIV infections. In this way, the HIV-1 Nef protein has been known as an attractive antigenic …

Introduction The sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by viruses including human T
cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), human …

The identification of the high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) as a cause of cervical
cancer offered the possibility for the development of a HPV vaccine. Twenty years after this …

The development of vaccines against a wide range of infectious diseases and pathogens
often relies on multi-epitope strategies that can effectively stimulate both humoral and …