Hox genes play key roles in axial patterning and regulating the regional identity of cells and
tissues in a wide variety of animals from invertebrates to vertebrates. Nested domains of Hox …

The neural crest is a transient population of cells that forms within the developing central
nervous system and migrates away to generate a wide range of derivatives throughout the …

Precise Hox gene expression is crucial for embryonic patterning. Intra-Hox transcription
factor binding and distal enhancer elements have emerged as the major regulatory modules …

Ribosomes have been suggested to directly control gene regulation, but regulatory roles for
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) remain largely unexplored. Expansion segments (ESs) consist of …

Sequential 3′-to-5′ activation of the Hox gene clusters in early embryos is a most
fascinating issue in developmental biology. Neither the trigger nor the regulatory elements …

Background KDM6A is a demethylase encoded by a gene with female-biased expression
due to escape from X inactivation. Its main role is to facilitate gene expression through …

One of the major regulatory challenges of animal development is to precisely coordinate in
space and time the formation, specification, and patterning of cells that underlie elaboration …

In vertebrates, the hindbrain serves as a highly conserved complex coordination center for
regulating many fundamental activities of the central nervous system, such as respiratory …

Homeobox a1 (Hoxa1) is one of the most rapidly induced genes in ES cell differentiation
and it is the earliest expressed Hox gene in the mouse embryo. In this study, we used …

In jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), Hox genes play an important role in patterning head
and jaw formation, but mechanisms coupling Hox genes to neural crest (NC) are unknown …