Synzoochory is the dispersal of seeds by seed-caching animals. The animal partner in this
interaction plays a dual role, acting both as seed disperser and seed predator. We propose …

This study examines the impact of fire incidents on wildlife and habitats in the western oak
forests of Iran (Zagros region). These forests are globally recognized for their exceptional …

In plant–animal interactions, species are commonly labeled as either mutualists or
antagonists, based on the most common, most studied, or most easily observed outcome …

Fire is a global disturbance that has a strong influence on biodiversity. Seasonal fires are
common in neotropical savannas of South America, yet few studies have analyzed how the …

Aim To explore global patterns in spatial aggregations of species richness, vulnerability and
data deficiency for Rodentia and Eulipotyphla. To evaluate the adequacy of existing …

Anthropogenic activities, such as grazing by domestic animals, are considered drivers of
environmental changes that may influence the structure of interaction networks. The study of …

Question The spatial and temporal dynamics of plant communities in various ecosystems
are shaped by the movements of seeds expressed as different dispersal modes. In desert …

Animals trade-off predation risk against feeding opportunities and prey species may use
signals or cues of predators to assess predation risk. We analyzed the mesopredators pine …

Recruitment by fencing of semi-arid trees is a common woodland conservation strategy that
may have both positive and negative implications. Domestic herbivores can act as efficient …

The ecological function of animal seed dispersal depends on species interactions and can
be affected by drivers such as the management interventions applied to protected areas …