Epidemiological studies have shown a positive relationship between dietary fat intake and
obesity. Since rats and mice show a similar relationship, they are considered an appropriate …

Because leptin reduces food intake and body weight, the coexistence of elevated leptin
levels with obesity is widely interpreted as evidence of 'leptin resistance.'Indeed, obesity …

Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog marketed for the treatment of type 2
diabetes. Besides lowering blood glucose, liraglutide also reduces body weight. It is not fully …

The neuronal circuits involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy expenditure
are soft-wired, reflecting the relative activity of the postsynaptic neuronal system, including …

Glutamate concentrations in plasma are 50–100 μmol/L; in whole brain, they are 10,000–
12,000 μmol/L but only 0.5–2 μmol/L in extracellular fluids (ECFs). The low ECF …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one the most potent orexigenic peptides found in the brain. It
stimulates food intake with a preferential effect on carbohydrate intake. It decreases latency …

The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) is a key component of hypothalamic
pathways regulating energy balance, and leptin is required for normal development of ARH …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often occur together and affect a growing
number of individuals in both the developed and developing worlds. Both are associated …

Rats selectively bred to develop diet-induced obesity (DIO) were compared with those bred
to be diet resistant (DR) on a 31% fat high-energy diet with regard to their central leptin …

Although no single animal model replicates all aspects of diabetes mellitus in humans,
animal models are essential for the study of energy balance and metabolism control as well …