Ecologists have historically represented consumer–resource interactions with boxes and
arrows. A key assumption of this conceptualization is that all individuals inside a box are …

Mutualistic interactions are characterized by positive density-dependence that should cause
interacting species to go extinct when rare. However, data show mutualistic interactions to …

Ecosystems are formed by networks of species and their interactions. Traditional models of
such interactions assume a constant interaction strength between a given pair of species …

Many different analyses have shown how antagonistic interactions (eg predation, disease,
interference competition) can foster the coexistence of two species that compete for a single …

By shaping the architecture and taxonomic composition of periphyton, stream current may
create periphytic mats on which some grazers can feed and forage more effectively than …

Many plants engage ants in defensive mutualisms by offering extrafloral nectar (EFN).
Identifying sources of variation in EFN quantity (amount) and quality (composition) is …

Core principles of ecological theory predict that, in the absence of other factors, mutualisms
should experience destabilizing positive feedback and should be vulnerable to extinction …

Demographic heterogeneity influences how populations respond to density dependent
intraspecific competition and trophic interactions. Distinct stages across an organism's …

Foraging modalities (eg passive, sit‐and‐wait, active) and traits are plastic in some species,
but the extent to which this plasticity affects interspecific competition remains unclear. Using …

Competition for shared consumable resources is an important form of competition and has
been investigated using mechanistic models of consumer and resource growth. The shape …