During evolution, the cerebral cortex advances by increasing in surface and the introduction
of new cytoarchitectonic areas among which the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered to be …

The transition from adolescence to adulthood is characterized by improvements in higher-
order cognitive abilities and corresponding refinements of the structure and function of the …

Adolescence encompasses a sensitive developmental period of enhanced clinical
vulnerability to nicotine, tobacco, and e‐cigarettes. While there are sociocultural influences …

Adolescence is defined as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood
characterized by changes in social interaction and acquisition of mature cognitive abilities …

In this article we develop the concept that the hippocampus and the midbrain dopaminergic
neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) form a functional loop. Activation of the loop …

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate critical aspects of brain maturation
during the prenatal, early postnatal, and adolescent periods. During these developmental …

Given the rise in teenage use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (“vaping”) in
congruence with the increasing numbers of drug-related emergencies, it is critical to expand …

Among the neuromodulators that regulate prefrontal cortical circuit function, the
catecholamine transmitters norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) stand out as powerful …

In this article, the authors review basic research on adolescent development in
neuroscience, psychology, and marketing. The findings indicate that adolescents are more …

Postnatal brain development is studded with sensitive periods during which experience
dependent plasticity is enhanced. This enables rapid learning from environmental inputs …