Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria are insect pathogens that produce different Cry and Cyt toxins
to kill their hosts. Here we review the group of three-domain Cry (3d-Cry) toxins. Expression …

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria are insect pathogens that rely on insecticidal pore
forming proteins known as Cry and Cyt toxins to kill their insect larval hosts. At least four …

Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal (Cry) and Cytolitic (Cyt) protein families are a diverse group of
proteins with activity against insects of different orders—Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera …

Parasporal crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria are the main virulence
factors underlying Bt toxicity to insects. Parasporal crystals are composed primarily of Cry …

Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystalline protein inclusions with insecticidal or nematocidal
properties. These crystal (Cry) proteins determine a particular strain's toxicity profile …

Transgenic Bt crops producing insecticidal crystalline proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, so-
called Cry toxins, have proved useful in controlling insect pests. However, the future of Bt …

Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis have been recognized as pore-forming toxins
whose primary action is to lyse midgut epithelial cells in their target insect. In the case of the …

Development of insect resistance is one of the main concerns with the use of transgenic
crops expressing Cry toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Identification of …

Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins are used worldwide as insecticides in agriculture, in
forestry, and in the control of disease transmission vectors. In the lepidopteran Manduca …

Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis are insecticidal PFTs (pore-forming toxins). In the
present study, we show that two distinct functional pre-pores of Cry1Ab are formed after …