Geographic information system (GIS) data provide geospatial data on cities and spatial
analysis functions that are essential for urban design. Building information modeling (BIM) …

Digital twins (DTs) have been found useful in manufacturing, construction, and maintenance.
Adapting DTs to serve cities, the question arises of what an urban digital twin should contain …

Differences in the scope and intent of the contrasting IFC and CityGML data formats entail
that converting the former to the latter results in loss of information. However, for some use …

Land Administration practices worldwide rely mainly on 2D-based systems to define legal
and other spatial boundaries related to land interests. However, the built environment is …

There is an increasing trend for digitalization because of the developments in Information
and Communications Technologies (ICTs). One of the topics that digitalization might be …

Cadastral surveying plays an important role in defining legal boundaries of land and
property. The current practice for recording cadastral survey data mainly relies on 2D digital …

There has been significant research on the intersection of 3D cadastre and building
information modelling (BIM) over the recent years. BIM provides a multidimensional …

Keeping the real estate cadastre's database up to date is a very important process. The
scope of the modernization works includes, among other things, fieldwork and office …

Abstract 3D digital cadastral systems intend to provide a fully-integrated 3D view of legal
boundaries and rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRR) in multi-storey properties …

The 3D cadastre, one of the most fundamental components of the 3D LAS (Land
Administration System), aims to provide an integrated 3D view of legal (Right, Restrictions …