The EP4 prostanoid receptor is one of four receptor subtypes for prostaglandin E2. It
belongs to the family of G protein–coupled receptors. It was originally identified, similar to …

Infection rate among intravenous drug users (IDU) is higher than the general public, and is
the major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in the IDU population. Epidemiologic …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

It has been known for several decades that cyclic AMP (cAMP), a prototypical second
messenger, transducing the action of a variety of G-protein-coupled receptor ligands, has …

Morphine increases the susceptibility to opportunistic infection by attenuating bacterial
clearance through inhibition of Fcγ receptor (FcgR)–mediated phagocytosis. Mechanisms by …

IL-23, produced by dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, plays a critical role in innate
immunity against bacterial infection. Our previous studies show that morphine disrupts the IL …

The immune response is a highly specific reaction carried out by means of specialized cells
that belong to the immune system. There are two types of immune response mechanisms …

Despite the ability of combination antiretroviral therapy to dramatically suppress viremia, the
brain continues to be a reservoir of HIV-1 low-level replication. Adding further complexity to …

As investigations into the innate immune responses that lead to allergic sensitization
become better defined, there is a need to determine how allergens could interact with …

Our previous work has shown myometrial PKA activity declines in term and twin-preterm
labour in association with an increase in the expression of the oxytocin receptor (OTR). Here …