Cool flames play a critical role in ignition timing, burning rate, burning limits, engine
knocking, and emissions in conventional and advanced combustion engines. This paper …

Low-temperature flames such as cool flames, warm flames, double flames, and auto-ignition
assisted flames play a critical role in the performance of advanced engines and fuel design …

Hot surfaces in industrial processes and automotive systems present a remarkable fire
hazard. Lubricating oil is a widely used oil in these scenarios. Quantifying the ignition …