Cell spheroids (esp. organoids) as 3D culture platforms are popular models for representing
cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, bridging the gap between 2D cell …

Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds released by nerve cells, including neurons,
astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, that play an essential role in the transmission of signals in …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases, significantly
impacting individuals and society. With the acceleration of global aging, the incidence of OA …

The complex structure and function of the human central nervous system that develops from
the neural tube made in vitro modeling quite challenging until the discovery of brain …

Many neurodegenerative diseases are identified but their causes and cure are far from
being well-known. The problem resides in the complexity of the neural tissue and its location …

Organoids are three-dimensional, multicellular constructs that recapitulate the structural and
functional features of specific organs. Because of these characteristics, organoids have …

Substantial interests have been attracted to multiple bioactive and biomimetic biomaterials
in recent decades because of their ability in presenting a structural and functional …

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common malignant gastrointestinal tumors
worldwide. Limited by the shortage of liver transplantation donors and the heterogeneity of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a debilitating autoimmune disorder targeting the central nervous
system (CNS), is marked by relentless demyelination and inflammation. Clinically, it …

脑类器官是一种由胚胎干细胞(ESCs) 或诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs) 诱导产生的三维神经培养物,
能够模拟人脑的结构和功能. 随着脑类器官培养技术的不断优化, 并与器官移植 …