Objectives To discuss the clinical pharmacology of currently licensed veterinary NSAIDs and
to review gastrointestinal and renal adverse effects as well as drug-drug interactions that …

Canine osteoarthritis is a significant cause of pain in many dogs and can therefore
compromise animal welfare. As the understanding of the biology and pain mechanisms …

Rationale: The robust advances in pain management for companion animals underlie the
decision of the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) and American Association of …

Opioids are the prototypical analgesics, antitussives, and antidiarrheal drug class. The
opioid receptor system or opioid effects have been identified in numerous animal species …

Abstract The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) has been a prognostic tool for
assessing the potential effects of formulation on the human drug oral bioavailability. When …

Treatment of outpatient pain in dogs and cats can be rewarding for the owners and
veterinarians. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly administered to …

Most agents used for analgesia in small animal patients fall into the opioid or non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drug groups. The different categories of drugs influence pain processing …

This article highlights the role of drugs with antiinflammatory effects in the treatment of acute
pain and as alternatives to opioids in small animal anesthesia. These drugs act on different …

Zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio) are increasingly used to translate findings regarding drug
efficacy and safety from in vitro-based assays to vertebrate species, including humans …

Opioids are the cornerstone for the treatment of acute pain in small animal patients. This is
primarily because of their remarkable safety profile, high efficacy, and benefit of reversibility …