This systematic review addressed the following question: Which are the relations between
L1 and/or L2 foundational and upper-level language skills, cognitive skills, high-order …

Retrieval practice typically benefits later memory more than restudy (ie, the testing effect).
The benefits of retrieval-based learning generalize across a range of materials and contexts …

We investigated how Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms could automatically
grade answers to open-ended inference questions in web-based eBooks. This is a …

Answering text-related questions while reading is a questioning strategy which is called
adjunct questions or embedded questions, the benefits of which have been established in …

Background Extensive second language (L2) reading research has examined the effects of
comprehension strategies on comprehension performance. Often ignored, however, is the …

This chapter reviews the relationship between working memory (WM) resources, language
processing, and performance along with other identified factors that affect multilingual …

The present research set out to investigate the effect of working memory on English reading
comprehension of Chinese middle school students. To do so, we recruited 150 Chinese …

Education is characterized by at least the following features:(a) it offers learning
environments that help students to achieve preset goals,(b) it induces learners to engage in …

This study investigates whether dynamic visual enhancement affects the recall of second
language (L2) vocabulary and whether working memory interacts with visual enhancement …

The present study examines the effect of adjunct questions on the reading comprehension of
English‐speaking learners of Chinese as a second language (L2). In Experiment 1, fourth …