Interferons (IFNs) constitute the first line of defense against microbial infections particularly
against viruses. They provide antiviral properties to cells by inducing the expression of …

We look back on the discoveries that the tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1 and the
transcription factors STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 are required for the cellular response to type I …

Background Approximately 75% of objective responses to anti–programmed death 1 (PD-1)
therapy in patients with melanoma are durable, lasting for years, but delayed relapses have …

Loss-of-function mutations in JAK1/2 can lead to acquired resistance to anti-programmed
death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy. We reasoned that they may also be involved in primary …

Through the study of transcriptional activation in response to interferon α (IFN-α) and
interferon γ (IFN-γ), a previously unrecognized direct signal transduction pathway to the …

Abstract Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) coordinates a diverse array of cellular programs through
transcriptional regulation of immunologically relevant genes. This article reviews the current …

The JAK (Janus kinase) family members serve essential roles as the intracellular signalling
effectors of cytokine receptors. This family, comprising JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2 (tyrosine …

▪ Abstract The phytohemagglutinin-induced virus-inhibitor may, however, be produced in
white cells in response to a stimulation of cellular RNA synthesis and may be a feedback …

The Janus family kinases (Jaks), Jak1, Jak2, Jak3, and Tyk2, form one subgroup of the non‐
receptor protein tyrosine kinases. They are involved in cell growth, survival, development …

Type I interferon responses are considered the primary means by which viral infections are
controlled in mammals. Despite this view, several pathogens activate antiviral responses in …