Recent decades have seen a number of influential attacks on the comparative psychology of
learning and intelligence. Two specific charges have been that the use of distantly related …

This review focuses on reward-schedule effects, a family of learning phenomena involving
surprising devaluations in reward quality or quantity (as in incentive contrast), and reward …

Successive negative contrast (SNC) has been used to study reward relativity, reward loss,
and frustration for decades. In instrumental SNC (iSNC), the anticipatory performance of …

In two experiments with goldfish patterned after work with rats, consummatory responding for
a less preferred food (adulterated with quinine) was measured in subjects that did or did not …

Fish restraint activates the hypothalamo–pitutiary–interrenal (HPI) axis, resulting in cortisol
release causing various secondary stress responses. Although anesthesia minimizes …

Recent decades have seen a number of influential attacks on the comparative psychology of
learning and intelligence. Two specific charges have been that the use of distantly related …

The effects of partial (intermittent) versus consistent reward on the acquisition and extinction
of a shuttling response were studied in 3 experiments with foraging honeybees (Apis …

Recent decades have seen a number of influential attacks on the comparative psychology of
learning and intelligence. Two specific charges have been that the use of distantly related …

Os estudos comportamentais com peixes possuem uma longa tradição que remonta ao
advento da psicologia científica. Thorndike (1911) utilizou a espécie Fundulus sp em …

In the first part of this paper, some laboratory experiments on discriminative learning in
fishes are reviewed-experiments on the discrimination of food signals, reward and …