The concept of cross-language transfer is central in bilingual reading development. This is
because researchers and educators search for the conditions that allow learning that takes …

Accumulated recent research suggests that prior knowledge of multiple languages leads to
advantages in learning additional languages. In the current article, we review studies …

This review scrutinizes the evidence concerning the factors that affect the ease with which
multilinguals learn additional languages. First, I focus on language learning experiences …

English as a global lingua franca interacts with other languages across a wide range of
multilingual contexts. Combining insights from linguistics, education studies, and …

Bilingualism has been reported to be positively associated with both metalinguistic
awareness and third-language (L3) acquisition. In the present research, the assumptions …

The linguistic interdependence hypothesis (Cummins, 1979, 2000) states that children's
second-language (L2) proficiency is, to some extent, a function of their first-language (L1) …

Research has shown that language and literacy skills in a first language (L1) are related to
performance in a second language (L2) and that these relations are reciprocal. However …

The past few decades have witnessed a growing interest in how second language (L2)
learners come to read in languages employing non-alphabetic writing systems such as …

This study investigates whether English in instructed settings is more successfully acquired
by learners who are already bilingual in comparison to those with a monolingual …

When learning novel vocabulary in a third language (L3) through translations in the first
language (L1), bilinguals may have more available cognitive resources and more …