Rhizobial bacteria enter a symbiotic association with leguminous plants, resulting in
differentiated bacteria enclosed in intracellular compartments called symbiosomes within …

Nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria and leguminous plants have evolved complex signal
exchange mechanisms that allow a specific bacterial species to induce its host plant to form …

In the rhizosphere, exudates from plants and microorganisms as well as stable soil organic
matter influence processes that can control plant growth, microbial infections, and nutrient …

Nodulation of legume roots typically begins with rhizobia attaching to the tip of a growing
root-hair cell. The attached rhizobia secrete Nod factors (NF), which are perceived by the …

The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legume plants and Rhizobium bacteria is the most
prominent plant–microbe endosymbiotic system and, together with mycorrhizal fungi, has …

Infection thread–dependent invasion of legume roots by rhizobia leads to internalization of
bacteria into the plant cells, which is one of the salient features of root nodule symbiosis. We …

In plants, the topological organization of membranes has mainly been attributed to the cell
wall and the cytoskeleton. Additionally, few proteins, such as plant-specific remorins have …

The ability to establish cell polarity is crucial to form and function of an individual cell.
Polarity underlies critical processes during cell development, such as cell growth, cell …

Root hairs secrete ATP as they grow, and extracellular ATP and ADP can trigger signaling
pathways that regulate plant cell growth. In several plant tissues the level of extracellular …

Root hairs (RHs) are tubular extensions of root epidermal cells that favour nutrient uptake
and microbe interactions. RHs show a fast apical growth, constituting a unique single cell …