Background An association between IL-6 levels and cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19
patients has been suggested. Cases with higher IL-6 levels have more rapid progression …

Objective To assess olfactory function in children and to create and validate an odor
identification test to diagnose olfactory dysfunction in children, which we called the Universal …

Purpose: To investigate the olfaction and taste functions in obese female patients and the
association between serum ghrelin and leptin levels compared with healthy controls …

Purpose The management of post-COVID-19 persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) is
uncertain. Currently, olfactory training is the only evidence-based therapy for post-viral OD …

Objective This study aimed to investigate the differences in olfactory cleft (OC) morphology
in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) anosmia compared to control subjects and …

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is typically based on the
presence of motor symptoms, but in the early phase of the disease, the diagnostic process …

Objectives The applicability of olfactory testing is dependent on cultural adaptation. The aim
of this study was to validate the Sniffin'Sticks (Burghart Messtechnik, Wedel, Germany) …

The assessment of olfactory function is becoming increasingly relevant, especially in cases
of cognitive decline (ie, neurodegenerative diseases), where olfactory alterations may be …

Olfaction is in addition to touch the most ancient of our senses, developing already in the
womb it decays progressively from 65 years of age with a more pronounced impairment …

Purpose Loss of smell decreases the quality of life and contributes to the failure in
recognizing hazardous substances. Given the relevance of olfaction in daily life, it is …